Target block time is about 1 minute.  So you need that long for you transaction to be "solved", then it takes a little bit of time to be propagated through the network for confirmations which can vary but won't take terribly long.

If you're mining to a pool it looks like they're all requiring 120 confirmations to release your coins.  Then when you cash out it depends on how their cronjob for payouts is configured.  I have scsy.coreprovision.com configured to check payouts every 2 minutes.

So add all that up and you get an idea of how long it takes to get paid