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I need to learn how different nodes are identified -- I assume they have some sort of id?
This is the part you are not catching on to that we've been trying to explain to you.
Nodes are not identified. There is no centralized control that can identify anything about a node at all. The network is entirely peer-to-peer.
When you hear about a block, you only know who relayed that block to you. You have no way of knowing if the node that relayed it to you is also the node that generated it, or if they are just passing on a block that they received from someone else.
- Each node gets a reward per ante, but only after it contributes a block.
- The reward diminishes (according to some preset function) if any one node contributes more than, say, 1% of the last 1000 blocks. This is what makes it profitable to fragment any node with more than 1% hash power into multiple nodes.
There is no way that any of this is going to be implemented in Bitcoin. It would be nearly impossible to get a consensus on such a scheme (identifying nodes, changing the inflation schedule, etc). I assume at this point, you're trying to design a Bitcoin replacement alt-coin?