9. They have "Pass-Throughs".
Tentatively this seems like a good indicator. I don't think pass-throughs are typically used in regular project funding. It increases the distance between the investor and the fund-owner and acts as a shield/distraction. It is more indicative of money laundering.
I don't think this is generally applicable. Do you have any examples other than Pirate? An example of a legitimate pass-through is the GSDPT (Gamma satoshiDice pass through), which allows people using one exchange to invest in an asset listed on another exchange.