The most important features for me:

• Airgapped transactions. Private key is only on offline computer.
• Deterministic wallet. Only one backup, no matter how many addresses you create.
• Ability to bring in my own entropy from a dice and deck of cards (which you can do perfectly well in Armory even though it's not explicitly shown in the UI, as explained in one of my tutorials).
• Encrypted wallet file for backing up to online computer, such that it can be customized to use lots of memory (scrypt) before using a decryption passphrase. Crucial protection against brute-force attacks.

Do any alternatives other than Armory provide these things?

(For me, the full node is not as crucial. SPV would be fine IMO, if not better.)