Each coin transfer generate new public keys using your wallet as a generator.
Yes, if you use Armory as intended, you will generate a fresh address for every payments received and every change address. You can reuse addresses and force change addresses manually in Armory, but that will reduce your privacy.
You can extract the public key seed as well, but I don't think anybody else but us use that format so that won't help you check your wallet's balance in an blockchain explorer. You can however copy paste all the public keys in your wallet into some explorer if you wish to do so. Again, that will leak a lot of private information. There is no single click way to do this in Armory either.