Hello glad to see your ideas get some flesh.
I will look deeper but a few thoughts on your firsts post, I will return with more
 
I too am not very happy with your approach on determinism , I think you need to look into Denotational semantics to streamline your thoughts on that matter.
As for the layman's journey I think the approach on Complexity of Gregory Chaitin in "Meta Math!: The Quest for Omega" may give you some ideas. Interesting read by an interesting person btw.