These attack vectors are part of the problem that enables Bitcoin to potentially be insidious in the first place.
Plus you wanted to talk about solutions that are potentially superior to Bitcoin and other cryptos so here we are, talking about them.
I believe the only way to apportion the resource consumption such that control remains in the hands of the users is for the users to supply more than 50% of the resource being consumed.
This can't be done if PoW is profitable, because profitable PoW is always more profitable for the usury-based mining farms operating on hydropower and for Larry Summer's 21 Inc to get stupid sheep to mine for him so his mining costs are lowest. Remember Anthony Sutton documented that Larry Summers was the bonehead bankster who was over in Russia after the fall of the Iron Curtain who helped to insure the privatized assets (oil industry, etc) ended up in the hands of oligarchy loyal to the global elite (George Soros et al). And yet fools in this forum think (the former head of the KGB, the counter part to Daddy Bush who was former head of the CIA) Putin is their saviour.

What I mean is it appears you are (may be) focusing on the non-problems and not focused on the problems. You will also need to burn a resource. And you need make sure that resource is supplied by the users.
I'd prefer we not waste our effort. If you are a talented programmer I'd prefer to lead you in the right direction so you don't waste effort. We up against a very powerful adversary and we need to work smarter.