To an extent. Most human language words are ambiguous.
"Socialism" is loosely defined as "social ownership and democratic control of the means of production."
That's a big thing to have in common, and makes it a useful word.
Anarchism is hard to pin down like that, it doesn't have that "necessary and sufficient" component defining it. Not to say it can't be misused, like someone calling their party "Capitososialist." But "Socialism" works fine in "Nazis to Communists to European social Democrats."
See what I mean?

*Which isn't to say "anarchy" is a useless word. It's useful in its colloquial, everyday sense:
an·ar·chy
ˈanərkē/
noun
noun: anarchy

    a state of disorder due to absence or nonrecognition of authority.
    "he must ensure public order in a country threatened with anarchy"