You get better chances, if you pay the transaction fee :-D. I just played all 0.01 0.05 and 0.1 .. and of course, the biggest one did not have the fee included -> lost that one.
In the case I'm thinking of I paid 0.0015 in fees, the initial bet only paid 0.0005, but still the initial bet got into a block before I did. Both transactions hit blockchain.info long before the block was found. The miner just decided to include the tx with the smaller fee rather than mine for some reason.
Sounds like the miner didn't have your tx... or he discriminates against high fees