This is not correct, you still need to have one CAL for every user you plan to have then. It is called 'multiplexing' and is technically not usable with a website.
Looks like your right on this point. In my day job we use the even more rare "per device" licensing structure so it wasn't an area I was that familiar with. Still I guess this proves your larger point that Microsoft licensing makes everything overly complex.
Sure, but in your earlier example you posted a 256 GB RAM server with the example that 'RAM is cheap.' I agree that everything is pretty small now, but to get a server with mega RAM and find out you can't use it all because you need to pay MS more $$ is very frustrating.
Agree 256 was a poor example. Beyond 64GB of RAM (today future versions tend to increase based on Moore's law) it gets very expensive. I think part of the problem is that Microsoft has no license specifically designed for use as a website backend. It means their existing licenses are either too restrictive or too expensive. There would be real value if Microsoft both simplified their licensing and offered a "web server core" version dropping most of the corporate bakend functions and just provide a high memory, high compute platform for webservers. .... I am not holding my breath.

I guess Azure may be an option I have never done testing to see how responsive their database in the cloud can be to very high loads.
4, 5 i agree with... 6 (32G RAM limit) bit me personally...
Yeah I can see why you would remember it then.
It is wonderful not having to think about licensing restrictions, to be able to use the full capacity of your hardware at all times (buy a 256 GB RAM server? why not?), and not have arbitrary features locked out. And to not worry about things like the cost of CALs jumping 25% randomly with 2012 or BizSpark's 3 year grace period that runs out and leaves you paying MS for the rest of the company's existence.

I agree there is value in open platforms and SQL Server is one of Microsofts most expensive and most restricted products. I think this got somewhat sidetracked (partially my fault). The original claim (not by you) was that asp.net doesn't scale and is expensive. asp.net can use any RDBMS as a backend and is highly scalable. For a new startup SQL Server is likely the easiest route as there is going to be some skills overlap but beyond 64GB or 16 cores I agree there is significant cost. It is something a startup would need to consider.
As a personal note:
To avoid vendor lock in whenever possible I try to keep the database code as ANSI SQL compliant as possible to allow a "backdoor" by keeping the migration costs & complexity to a minimum.