At the end of the day I've managed to build and start it under the Windows, and it works correctly.)
The only problem is src/qeditas.ml, line 331:
let dur = open_in_bin "/dev/urandom" in (*** this is to compute a nonce for the node to prevent self conns; it doesn't need to be cryptographically secure ***)
I've used a real file with real path instead of the "/dev/urandom" as a simplest workaround, I need more OCaml knowledge to fix it correctly, I can't do it right now.
I'll share Windows build instructions later, after I test it on clear Windows installation and choose the simplest way to build the project.