Questions:
The "Available", "Pending", and "Total" in the wallet only show the smaller received coins, the other coins aren't included, even though they appear in the transaction list. Why are they not there?
Interesting, that shouldn't happen. You should see them in Available.
First of all, that is not a transaction, that is an address. Secondly, you did not include a transaction fee, so it will take a long time to confirm, if it does at all.
What version of Bitcoin Core are you using? It should never allow a zero fee transaction.