It's possible that your transaction is a double spend because you are not synced. This would make your transaction invalid and thus rejected.
You cannot cancel a transaction. Once it is broadcast, you cannot abort it.
However, you can remove the transaction from your wallet and resend it. First you need to sync your wallet. You can enable pruning to save space.
To enable pruning, add
prune=550
To the bitcoin.conf file in your data directory.
Then follow the instructions at
http://www.achow101.com/2016/07/Bitcoin-Core-Troubleshooting#stuck-tx to fix your problem.
Ok didn't know pruning was a thing, now syncing everything up (the huge bump in space freed was weirdly satisfactory to watch, in case you were wondering), will report when finished (might take a while).
Even if the transaction was a double spent, shouldn't it show on blockchain anyway?
Nodes do not relay invalid transactions, eg. Inputs that conflicts with another inputs of a transaction in their mempool or block database. This might be the case where the nodes that you relayed it to found it invalid and decided not to relay at all. Blockchain.info do display transactions that are conflicted if they know it.