Two that come to mind are Coinbase & Circle. I did a quick google search, possibly wrong terms. The information I got was useless. I am sure this has been discussed. If there is a good article/link on this it would be appreciated.
I think they got it from many ways. before the did this exchanges business, they need financial capital that probably they got from the seller or from their job incomes, etc.
so when they have this first financial capital, they can open exchange service. so they exchange crypto to fiat or the opposite.
They have a lot of capital on establing an exchange site, We can notice that the buy and sell price they offer is much higher on the normal price of the coin and they also deducting for every transaction we made. I think in that way exchange get there money to continue running their site