If a malicious individual gets a hold of a single computer capable of that kind of speed, I think Bitcoin will be the least of our worries.

On a side note, I just found a bunch of interesting material that might answer all the OP's questions though I cannot say for sure since I have not read the material myself yet.
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=133425.0
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/The_Limits_of_Quantum_Computers.pdf
https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDoQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fcda%2Fcontent%2Fdocument%2Fcda_downloaddocument%2F9783540887010-c1.pdf%3FSGWID%3D0-0-45-645102-p173864247&ei=3IdGUc-lI4muyQG554CIBA&usg=AFQjCNElz3JULn_Aa1H6NolkLNb9tbuX_g&sig2=0uHjvbW2jIBxRwMP7VIySg&bvm=bv.43828540,d.aWc

EDIT: I believe my third link has all answers.

So in summary: ESDSA would be broken and SHA256 would be fine.