I keep seeing over and over that "to mine bitcoins your computer has to solve mathematical puzzels". OK that's a little vague. Where can I learn more about what exactly is required to generate a block and how the difficulty changes? I wouldn't understand the code itself but a technical paper with some diagrams would be interesting.
Start with this picture:
http://spectrum.ieee.org/img/06Bitcoin-1338412974774.jpgThen read up on the topics that interest you the most.
That's exactly what I'm looking for but I got lost on 'nonces' and what data it's being added to to change the hash value and why. Moving right a long though to way over simply is this the problem that's being solved:
1.) There is some existing data based on all passed transactions.
2.) Everyone collectively in the network is taking that existing data, adding a nonce to it and creating a hash - completely at random.
3.) They're looking for the hash that starts with X 0's that's created by a set of existing data plus a random nonce. I can't tell what the character combination is exactly but looks like upper case, lower case and numbers - 62 combinations? This means that each difficulty step can be accomplished by adding more leading 0's. Each success leading zero is an exponential (or is it logarithmic?) step up in difficulty because it becomes 0 - 62 possible combinations 00 - 62 * 62 possible combinations 000 - 62 * 62 * 62 possible combinations and so on.
Is that right?
