Uhh. As far as I can tell the second transaction (new) is a double spend of the first (old) transaction. Both are not spending any unconfirmed output.
My bad. I though it was the usual case. The guy sends a tx with low fee then spends the change and complains that his "high fee" transaction doesn't confirm. So I didn't even checked the explorers.
So what is the best solution for me right now? Could i make a third try and spend the coins with a very high fee and get it through? Made the second transaction with the recommended fee on bitcoin core.
Spend one of those outputs from your new transaction with a high fee of 200 sat/B so that both transactions get included in the block. There are a lots of CPFP pools nowadays.