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I read many times that an identical transaction with higher fee should supersede an existing one with a lower fee.
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Then you've been reading some misleading sources.
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However, when i send it to the network it won't propagate.
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Correct. Most nodes that have heard about your first transaction will refuse to accept or relay the new one so long as the original transaction is still in their mempool. You have no control over when other nodes choose to remove a transaction from their mempool.
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So, the question is - is it possible to re-send a transaction with a higher fee, and if yes how to do it?
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If the first transaction was sent with RBF enabled, then you can replace it with a higher fee transaction. If it was not, then you'll need to wait for a few days for most nodes to forget your original transaction, then (as long as neither you nor anyone else has re-broadcast your original transaction) you'll be able to broadcast the new transaction.