No. Electrum also requires the entire data file as do most desktop/computer wallets.
That is just plain wrong. The entire point of HD wallets like Electrum is that the entire thing can be restored using only the 12 word seed. So, if OP's "PASSPHRASE" is 12 words... and he was using Electrum a simple wallet restore is possible.
It all depends what wallet was being used tho.