No. There are only two ways to destroy XRP. It can be used to pay transaction fees or it can be sent to an address that is provably unable to transfer it out. Both of those cases require a transaction to execute and apply in a ledger. If a transaction is rejected by the consensus process, it doesn't do anything at all, not even ever appearing in a ledger or authorizing any changes to ledger state. If a transaction is accepted into a ledger by the consensus process, deterministic rules control what the consequences of that transaction are.