Actually, before I post entire debug file, I have a couple of questions.
1) Should I post the whole thing? It's very long and covers about a month of transactions. Should I only post the time covering the occurrence of the problem?
Post as much as you can as an error from before could be causing the problem now.
2) I stripped out any reference to my desktop; but, I see IP addresses. Is this something I should also remove? Anything else? I mean, should I post all this in a public forum, or does it not matter?
The debug.log file does not risk your Bitcoin. It may risk some privacy and leak information such as file paths and IP addresses. You can remove those if you want. The whole point of the debug.log file is so that it can be posted publicly for others to analyze and tell you what is wrong.