It is hard to predict with certainty, but usually if something is going to fail it is during its early years. Since Bitcoin is approaching 10 years it is probably past that hurdle. I would think it will probably be around for the next 10-20 years easily, then it may risk being supplanted by some other coin or even technology. It probably won't go away completely, just become not as relevant at some point.
Bitcoin will survive because there is a high demand in the market. It wont be affected by most of econimical factors since it dependent to the government. People will still use it because it is more convinient than most of online transactions.