1st off ,
The stupidity is Bitcoin does not yet need to scale to beat visa, it does need to scale to match the current transactions volume and keep fees from skyrocketing.
Of which Bitcoin Cash 8X onchain capacity more than succeeds in doing.  As far as the limits to onchain scaling , internet speeds increase every year, what is unlikely today will be most likely in the future.

Can offchain solutions provide faster transactions, sure Exchanges that perform offchain transactions within their own systems can give unlimited scaling.
Advantages of using an exchange for offchain scaling over LN, includes
Lower Fee structure
No time locking of coins
No banking license require to run an LN hub , (LN does not trade the actual coins but IOUs,  Exchanges move the actual coins to your control immediately.)
Greater Accountability:
( If an exchange offchain transaction is not redeemed, you sue the exchange, if an LN hub offchain IOU is not redeemd , there is no one to sue, you are just Shit out of luck.)

  
Shitwit design has been nothing but the Banking Industry attempt to control all of crypto and keep all of the dumbasses in financial slavery, of their creating false fractional reserve IOUs out of thin air.


╥Aztek