One simple example is the field of archaeology. The so-call standard hunter-gathers of 10,000 years ago were not simply that. Göbekli Tepe, which is dated back as far as more than 11,000 years, shows that archaeological science doesn't really have a clue about what the hunter-gatherers of 10,000 years ago were like. There are peoples of the present age that live like the so-called hunter-gatherers of prehistory.
I had never heard of Göbekli Tepe so I read the Wikipedia article on it.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_TepeFascinating history there.
The only thing wrong with the research about Göbekli Tepe is, how old it is. If you simply Google something like "controversial science on the age of the Earth," you will see that there are many scientists that don't go along with the consensus regarding the Earth's age. And, they have listed good reasons. These reasons often apply to far more recent things like the age of Göbekli Tepe, as well.
Then, if you go and check out the papers by scientists who were the ones who set up the age, you will find that they doubted the ages that they agreed on with other scientists. Their agreement was simply something to give science a foundation to keep things in order. Their hope was that sometime science would find and prove the truth.
Well, science has never proven the truth. All the dating systems that are in use are at least a little bit controversial. And their conclusions are often extremely controversial. The fact of the matter is that we don't know how old the Earth is, or how old Göbekli Tepe really is. There are those, myself included, who think Göbekli Tepe is much younger than what has been standardly concluded.
The benefit for the "renegade" scientist, of dating Göbekli Tepe at 11,000 years, shows that science doesn't really know what it is talking about. Either the age is off, or the idea of what hunter-gatherers were like is off. Science is mixed up.
Then, when you add the idea of entropy, and the fact that there was much more oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere in the distant past, more than likely the people of prehistory were way more mentally capable that we are.
