So I'm guessing the 10 minute average block generation time is a balance between transaction processing time and minimizing network splits yes?
Exactly. An attacker won't ever have a split on their malicious chain because there would be no latency between their nodes. As a result, the more splits the main network has, the less percent of total hashing power an attacker would need. If we assume the worst case that block propagation time will eventually be as slow as BGP (which takes about 1 minute to propagate worldwide), the network would only lose at most 10% (1 min/10 min) of hashing power by chain splits.