I seem not to properly understand what stakes are and how they are calculated in bounty campaigns for ICOs. Why don't they just for example state they'll issue 20 tokens of a particular coin instead of stakes. Good examples I've come across are;
From 26 to 99 friends - 15 stakes
From 100 to 249 friends - 30 stakes
From 250 to 999 friends - 65 stakes
From 1000 to 9999 friends & followers - 130 stakes
10000 friends & followers and more - 300 stakes
-Hero/Legendary: 3.5 Stakes
-Sr. Member: 3 Stakes
-Full Member : 2.5 stakes
-Member: 1 Stake
-Jr. Member: 0.5 Stake
How are the stakes converted into tokens? Forgive my ignorance.

Converting stakes to tokens is simple just follow a certain formula.
There is formula to be followed on how will you compute the tokens that you will get from such campaigns depending on the stakes that you've made. You can ask the ICOs/ developer of such campaign about this formula. If f I'm no mistaken the formula is Bounty campain pool / total number of stakes mined during the campaign* number of stakes you earned.