... what would you do now?

If he is honest enough,then he should pay the same amount 0.1 BTC in return today.
But you should have mentioned the terms and norms when lending that whether it should be returned as per the dollar rate of that day or should it be returned only in BTC.
But your friend would definitely get a confusion at first whether he could pay you just the amount equal to dollar value on that day.Its human nature.