If you take a look at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_exchange, you can see the identity that "money supply" * "velocity of money" equals "price level" * "transactions". To keep the price level (and the value of the currency) stable money supply should increase with the number of transactions, assuming that the velocity of money stays the same.
This would allow deflation to be calculated from the block chain? The equation is
MV = PQ
M = money supply (= 50*block count)
V = velocity (assumed constant?)
P = price level
Q = quantity (assumed equal to number of transactions?)
P = (50*blocks)/(number of transactions in the last 3 months*)
I don't think that would work very well. Someone who spammed transactions could effectively push the P value down causing fake inflation.
Maybe a better formula would be
P = (50*blocks)*(median transaction size)/(total transferred)
This is still potentially a problem, if everyone sent 2 transactions instead of 1 for a month, then it would give a result of 100% inflation.
Another option would be to only include transactions that pay at least 1% of their value in fees, but again not really that solid.
Anyway, ideally, there would be a deflation multiplier that any client could calculate. This wouldn't affect the bitcoins themselves, it would just be a well defined way to convert bitcoin values into a stable value.
You could agree to pay someone 1 "stable-bitcoin" per month and the effect would be that you pay 1, 0.98, 0.96, 0.941 .... every month (assuming the deflator was 2% per month).
The idea would be to make it easier for people to think in bitcoins. Currently, people would have to keep recomputing "fair" prices on a month by month basis. At least with current fiat currencies, you only need to do that on a year by year basis.
People who have bitcoins in their wallet would see their stable-bitcoin totals increase by 2% per month (or whatever).
Finally, I don't think it is a good idea to compress all deflation discussions into one thread. Pretending that a problem doesn't exist doesn't make it go away.
*: The time period could be defined using number of difficulty updates or something.