his is not proof-positive that the hard drive is OK, but it's a reasonable indication that the problem lies elsewhere. The drive itself is a high-reliability HP spinning SATA drive for use in servers. It's almost new. Odds are good that it's OK.
If you think it is hardware, check your RAM.
This is the time when I tried to restart bitcoin-QT. The QT app wrote a blank line with a time stamp, followed by about 20 linefeeds.
That's normal.
Debug log excerpt follows:
This is a clean shutdown.
Can you post what the log of when you started it up?