The most obvious alternative would be capital punishment. Exile seems unlikely as there is no-where to exile to. The only two forms of exile that seem theoretically (but not practically) possible are:

1. Exile to other planets
2. Exile to the past via a one way time-gate (as described by Julian May in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Many-Colored_Land )

I expect capital punishment to get increasingly more popular in the coming years.

Regarding the revenge discussion. Revenge is one of the primary goals of our legal system (to me). The second one is removing (temporarily or not) malignant aspects from society.