2) Seems to assume that one cannot control prices by controlling supply. I believe that is false. While the fed has indeed printed a lot of money, they could drive the value of the dollar to zero if they wanted to print billions of dollars and give them to every person on the planet.
Increasing supply to decrease price is the easy part. Decreasing supply to increase price is the impossible part.
Actually it is possible...
Suppose there is a trading system which facilitates trading of three distinct kinds of asset: money, e-gold and e-gold-gen. (E-gold-gen is a weird e-gold derivative.)
There are separate order books for e-gold and for e-gold-gen, however, there is one peculiarity in this system: it can match e-gold bids with e-gold-gen asks, and e-gold asks with e-gold-gen bids under some conditions.
As long as e-gold price is around target price, no cross-matching is done, i.e. e-gold bids are only matches with e-gold asks.
Now suppose e-gold price is below the target price. When person tries to sell e-gold below target price, his ask is matched with e-gold-gen bid.
If X is e-gold ask price and Y is e-gold-gen bid price, then one unit of e-gold creates X/Y units of e-gold-gen.
I.e. we reduce supply of e-gold and increase supply of e-gold-gen. As people sell more and more e-gold it eats through e-gold-gen orderbook, and more and more e-gold-gen is created. (Lower the price of e-gold-gen, more of it is created per unit of e-gold.)
Obviously, this works as long as there is a demand for e-gold-gen. If this is an economic abstraction, there are always people who want to buy at very low price, so it always works.
In reality, at some point people will stop buying e-gold-gen no matter what's the price, so whole system will collapse at that point.
(I.e. if you approach it with supply/demand curves it works, but if you assume that demand is finite it doesn't.)
Now if price of e-gold is above the target, it works in different direction: e-gold bids are matched with e-gold-gen asks, and again you need X/Y units of e-gold-gen to create one unit of gold. If there is a lot of extra demand, it will eat through e-gold-gen asks, price of e-gold-gen will get higher and higher, and one unit of e-gold-gen will create more units of e-gold.