one of the basics of cryptocurrencies is based on key pairs.
you have a secret key known as private key which you never share. and you have a public key which you can give to others.

public key is derived from the private key in a one directional operation which means you can simply find the public key from private key but the reverse (private key from public key) is practically impossible.

in simple terms no if you publish your address nobody can steal your tokens.