Consider a hash function, such as the SHA-256 algorithm used by Bitcoin in many places. Among other properties, a cryptographically secure hash has the property that for any 1-bit change in the input, on average, 50% of the output bits flip. See how this works:
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Was that explanation sufficiently clear, or do I need to somehow involve a spanking? I know you like that; and I may need to apply such measures, if you fall behind in this lesson.
So, this implies that it's very hard to crack a private key, right? Am I understanding it correctly?
No, a hash function does not involve any private keys. I will now briefly explain the most common types of cryptographic algorithms, and their purposes...
(Get back in my lap, and give a good grind with me in you. You dont deserve a spanking, because I omitted the prerequisite background information.)