Of course, some results are still technical, but I will give two links from the same reddit thread which seem to cover the story pretty good,
Personally, I wouldn't recommend either of those links. BOTH of them are rather misleading and get some details entirely incorrect. There are definitely better sources of information.
To get a grasp on the general concepts, I suggest watching this:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4Some of the specific details are generalized or simplified in that video, so it won't give you an exact understanding of every technical detail, but it is a good introduction to the more basic concepts.
Then once you've watched it, let me know if you still have some questions.
I still believe that what I provided is just fine for OP. Although the explanations I linked are not 100% accurate, they give a good sense of what happens there to somebody who don't want to spend more than 5 minutes to understand the big picture.
I don't know the deep details as good as
maybe I should (and you know that maybe even better than myself) and imho most users don't need them for normal use of Bitcoin.
Your details are great, accurate, but too many and too deep for OP, no offense.
PS. At the first occasion I get enough time I will clearly watch that video, not just "scan" it.