I do not think that capitalism can be supplanted by something better because capitalism is not an invention it is just the natural order of things, if I'm a hunter and I hunted a deer then I want to keep most of it after all i did all the effort, I can share some of that with the community but I'm not going to share it all if I had to do it then I'll have no incentive to hunt anymore, why risk my life? So what people call capitalism is nothing more than the natural order of things.
What you're describing is not Capitalism. It's mostly what we call "Trade" (interchange of goods that are perceived as "property" of some individual or group).
Hunter-gatherer societies were much different than Capitalist societies. In part, something similar to "trading" was a part of their economic system, but personal status based on religion and traditions often was much more important than the pure amount of food a person provided to the community. Most hunter-gatherer societies had a complex gift economy, where "trading" was done in a completely different way than in Capitalist societies. Trading
is natural if goods (including work) are perceived as scarce, but Capitalism in the sense of the dominant economic system that emerged in the Italian Renaissance (in cities like Venice) has a whole set of new mechanisms and traditions - for example, a whole lot of very abstract kinds of "property" in financial products which other societies would probably call "gambling".