if there is way of pinging a blockchain network
Well, you cant use "ping", coz most of them didnt respond for security reasons.does it use a network protocol so I can see the networks IP or domain.
You can see IP's you connected to in most wallets. If you really "Blockchain expert and developer", you can find it easy and fast 
I was just thinking how come all the mining machines are connected somehow. so what is the backbone of the mining machines and how do they see each other and somehow connected. They must have a some kind of connection and is it static kind of address?
At start Bitcoin use IRC networks to exchange theirs IP.Now altcoins start with static IP lists. And its adds new nodes with updates.
or give me some sources where I read the details about it?
This forum is good source, just use search