I did not understand. If I use Electrum (sent coins) without connecting to the Tor network and the proxy, what IP address will be visible in the blockchain? My current IP address or the address of the Electrum server? 
neither!
bitcoin transactions do not contain any IP information and blocks in the blockchain contains these transactions. in other words no IP address is recorded.
if by any chance you mean blockchain.info website then the IP address they list is different, it is the IP address of the node that sent them the transaction first. it may be the Electrum node or it may be another node that is just relaying that tx.
regarding privacy and Electrum the only thing that happens is that when you connect to an Electrum node you are asking them for your transaction history so you give them all your addresses which means that node sees all your bitcoin addresses and can connect them together and also record your IP address and associate these two together. whether they do it or not is another discussion.
in other words there are two things here: they see list of all your bitcoin addresses and link them together even if they are not connected + your IP address. you can hide your IP but you can't hide your address list.