Not really. To create a valid signature you have to hash in the output script of the transaction outputs you are spending. Assuming you sign with the right key, you could even imply those output scripts without retrieving them. You can't responsibly do that know since you would not know the amount spent consequently the fee you spend.

Having the source transaction on hand helps and you can easily verify if it is the right source transaction by rehasing it and comparing the hash to the source in the transaction you sign. The source transaction can however be arbitrary large with outputs you do not care this is a problem for memory constrained hardware devices. In addition it means you need source transaction for offline (cold-wallet) signing.

The burden of retrieving the source transaction could be eliminated if the to be signed hash would contain the assumption on the output value you spend. Is the assumption correct, then you can create a valid transaction without seeing the input, no harm done if not, the signed transaction is just invalid.