A crypto airdrop is when a blockchain project distributess free tokens or coins to the crypto community.
To be a recipient of a crypto airdrop often the only requirement is that you have coins from the relevant blockchain stored in your wallet. Examples of this format of airdrops are Byteball, Stellar lumens and OmiseGo. These airdrops required you to proof you were the owner of Bitcoins or Ethereums at a certain time ( snapshot) of the blockchain.