To my own simple understanding of how stealth address work, a stealth address is a way to let someone pay money to somewhere that the receiver can find and have the public and private key for. The payee provided information for the stealth address such that they can determine the public and private key but payer can only determine a public/receive address. The payee didn't specify that exact receive address but can scan a valid range to find it based on a shared secret between payer (sender)and payee(receiver). The mechanism is designed so that only the payee will have the private key of the destination address.