2) When proof of state, node takes transactions ,puts it into block , someone validates and that node (this specific node whoever did it first) updates his ledger, publishes it? what if 51% of other nodes agreed and 49% not agreed? is someone's money taken?. what if 49% agreed and 51% disagreed? i don't know whose money is taken , when the person who validated the block injured?
The link Bob mentioned is Very good, I learned from there..
If there's a disagreement like you suggested the 49% will lose their stake. It's like a bet.
One important thing is that when you stake your coins they are going to be hold until the network reaches the consensus. If someone is trying to cheat (creating an disagreement) they will lose their stake.
It's similar to the mining process in pow.
If you mine a block with glass transactions you will lose your work (electricity)