You are correct, there is no "tx time" embedded in the blockchain for individual transactions, only for blocks themselves.

There exists only a pseudo "tx time", which is based on when the node received the transaction.

For example, this is what blockchain.info means by "received time". https://blockchain.info/tx/dc55d9c6ec03ceccf0db43d29e7d626a8b107f41066e3917f30398bb01dda2b5

However, as you can imagine, this can vary greatly between nodes.