In the bitcoin source code is a hardcoded peer list arent it ? The hardcoded list should exist in v0.1 otherwise I couldnt imagine how the peers found each other abd the installation guide by satoshi said that you just need to extract the zip file and run BITCOIN.EXE.
In the very first version of Bitcoin (0.1.0), there were no hard coded nodes at all. Rather Bitcoin used an IRC channel to announce your node's IP address and allow other nodes to discover other nodes to connect to. Originally there was no way to specify which nodes to connect to.
One of the anonymous email providers that Satoshi used also provides anonymous VPSes. Presumably Satoshi used a VPS to host his node so as to hide his true IP address.
He also probably had multiple nodes. It is trivial to prevent a node from announcing itself to the public IRC channel and to prevent incoming connections so an outgoing connection only node is still fairly anonymous.