Did you use ledger live (https://www.ledgerwallet.com/live) to access your wallet?

Since you have said your funds are still sitting on the same address, i assume you have checked it on a block explorer ?

If you are using the chrome application, go to the settings and choose 'Sign message'. Then start entering this address in the drop down menu. It should appear there.
If it appears, the private key associated to this address is part of your ledger. If not, unfortunately it is not.

I currently don't know how to get to the 'Sign message' menu inside the ledger live application. I am not even sure if it does exist there yet. So you might try this out with the chrome application.

You can also try to open your ledger via electrum and enter ismine("Your_Address") in the console (View -> Show Console -> Console tab) to check whether this address belongs to your nano s.