Thanks for all the links. Browsing around I've already ran across
https://www.chainalysis.com/ but unfortunately it's a product. What I'm looking for are tutorials, documents, scientific papers (maybe based on graph theory) that can explain me the basis of chain analysis and then decide if it's worthwhile to dive more deep into the subject.
If you think about use cases it may have the potential to become a new branch of computer forensics.