Here is something I have observed as regard ICOs raising funds and why many are trading at below ICO price soon after listing on exchanges. The reason could well be the fact that project teams are making ICO tokens too expensive, almost at same level with what we had at the bullish market.Meanwhile,the market is now 25% of its usually market.
Project teams implement better funds management strategies, avoid wastages and unnecessary expense and thus have a cheaper ICO, I personally believe that they can reduce their expense by at least 50 percent and thus ask for less, cheaper tokens as such, that way, investors will be better make returns on their investments.
The price of the ICO tokens after listing on exchanges is below the ICO price because there are many bounty hunters dump their token after they received the tokens from bounty, it makes the price fall. After 2-3 months, the price will be back to ICO price IF the project make a new or big update about the project.