#1 Understand MeritMerit was first introduced to reduce spam, and encourage quality posting. As there are many people here who are only here to earn money, so the administrator of the forum (Theymos) implemented it as a requirement for ranks, so those who spam and shit post to get to the higher ranks now needed to post quality.
To get merit someone must send it to you on one of your posts. When someone sends you 1 merit, you get 0.5 sMerit, sMerit is merit you can send to others, whereas the other 0.5 you cannot send to others.
There are users called 'Merit Sources' who can create merit from nothing, and are chosen by Theymos.
Here is how you can become a Merit source:
1. Be a somewhat established member.
2. Collect TEN posts written in the last couple of months by other people that have not received nearly enough merit for how good they are, and post quotes for them all in a new Meta thread. The point of this is to demonstrate your ability to give out merit usefully.
3. We will take a look at your history and maybe make you a source.
#2 What not to do- Attempt to buy merit. You will 99 percent of the time get scammed, and is highly looked down upon.
- Do not reply to spam mega threads, that have thousands of replys, which normally results in you just contributing nothing. You can view many of the main spam threads here: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1649348.0
#3 How to make a post properlyFirst, what you want to do before asking a question or sharing news, is search into google to see, and make sure there is no other thread about it. This will just make duplicate content and will contribute
nothing.
You want to have a keyword, as if I just wanted to search to find the main merit thread for bitcointalk, you dont want to do:
merit
Instead, use the bitcointalk keyword:
bitcointalk merit
Once you have verified that there is no duplication, then you can begin writing.
You want to make sure you make your writing as clear as possible, and make sure it contributes something, and not just a one line post.
Then, give that click on 'Post'

If you do not get merit on that post, try again.
Merit should not be the only reason you post, I hope most of those out there really want to contribute to the forum, and not just use it for making money, but I suppose that will not be the case always. 
If you feel like you are genuinely creating high quality posts, check this out:
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=2832127.0 it is a list of threads that you can submit your post to, and possibly be merited!

Your first merit is indeed very exciting, and certainly encourages me to keep posting quality, but maybe thats just me.
Hope this helped someone out there!