Centralized database? Ummm... How is this possible? According to the plans, Universa will hold not more than 20% of nodes if I'm not mistaken. All other nodes will be from users. Centralized? Nope. The fact that they are licensing nodes does not makes them a centralized system. They use PoA mechanism
Yes, licensing is a sign of centralization. The CEO decides who gets the license. And it doesn't matter how many nodes Universa have officially.
This is called Proof of Authorisation. And this mechanism allows the system to avoid 51% attack as well. The team will have not more than 10% of total nodes number. PoA will not influence the nodes running processes.