I have also experience this kind of scenario with my Kucoin account and I have not manage to retrieve it. I dont care about it anymore though. I dont have much in that account anyway. Lesson learned: DO NOT LOSE YOUR PHONE.
No one ever expects to lose their phones. The lesson should be to use an 2FA OTP app that supports backups (such as andOTP for Android) or write down your secret token/save the QR code to help you restore your codes if you ever lose or break your phone.