I think the reason why this is not happening lies in the fact that in most economically underdeveloped countries there is simply no legal basis to start ATM business. If something is not legally regulated every attempt to work in this sector will end in failure, loss of investment and possible even with a prison sentence.
In most African countries bitcoin is legal and there is freedom to trade, own, buy and sell. I do not think the lack of a active regulations from the government should limit the growth of the industry, when it is considered legal and acceptable by that government. The citizens are the community base in those nations